Journal: American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports

Article Title: Increased peripapillary choroidal blood flow velocity in peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome: Three case reports with referential observations in central serous chorioretinopathy

doi: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2026.102521

Figure Lengend Snippet: Imaging of the left eye in a patient with peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome (PPS) in Patient 1. (A) Fundus photograph showing no visible abnormalities. (B) Fundus autofluorescence revealing mottled hypo-autofluorescence in the peripapillary area. (C) Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) horizontal scan through the fovea showing serous retinal detachment (SRD) at the temporal area of the optic disk. The choroid was thicker 1.5 mm nasal to the fovea than 1.5 mm temporal to it, with a prominent choroidal pachyvessel beneath the SRD (arrowhead). (D, E) Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in the venous phase showing dilated choroidal veins (D) and choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH) 10 minutes after dye injection (E), including the temporal side of the optic disc (arrowheads). (F) Laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) colormap image showing that the mean blur rate (MBR) at the temporal side of the optic disk (square 3) was approximately 1.7 times greater than that at the macula (square 1). Warm colors indicate high MBR, while cool colors indicate low MBR.

Article Snippet: MBR values for each region were automatically calculated using LSFG Analyzer software (v 3.0.47; Softcare).

Techniques: Imaging, Tomography, Injection

Journal: American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports

Article Title: Increased peripapillary choroidal blood flow velocity in peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome: Three case reports with referential observations in central serous chorioretinopathy

doi: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2026.102521

Figure Lengend Snippet: Imaging of the right eye in a patient with PPS (Patient 2). (A) Fundus photograph showing depigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). (B) Fundus autofluorescence revealing scattered hypo-autofluorescence in the peripapillary and macular areas. (C) Horizontal SS-OCT image showing fluid accumulation in the outer plexiform layer at the temporal area of the optic disk (arrowheads). The choroid was thicker 1.5 mm nasal to the fovea than 1.5 mm temporal to it, with prominent pachyvessels in the peripapillary region. (D) Late-phase fluorescein angiography showing window defects in the peripapillary area without dye leakage. (E) Middle-phase ICGA revealing dilated choroidal vessels and CVH primarily nasal to the fovea. (F) LSFG colormap image demonstrating that the MBR at the temporal side of the optic disk (square 3) was approximately 1.2 times higher than that at the macula (square 1).

Article Snippet: MBR values for each region were automatically calculated using LSFG Analyzer software (v 3.0.47; Softcare).

Techniques: Imaging

Journal: American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports

Article Title: Increased peripapillary choroidal blood flow velocity in peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome: Three case reports with referential observations in central serous chorioretinopathy

doi: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2026.102521

Figure Lengend Snippet: Imaging of the right eye in a patient with PPS 36 months after the initial visit (Patient 3). (A) Fundus photograph showing RPE depigmentation in the fovea. (B) Fundus autofluorescence revealing hypo-autofluorescence in the fovea. (C) Horizontal SS-OCT image showing ellipsoid zone loss in the macula and fluid accumulation in the inner nuclear layer at the temporal peripapillary region. The choroid was thicker 1.5 mm nasal to the fovea than 1.5 mm temporal. (D) Fluorescein angiography showing a window defect at the fovea and a hyperfluorescent ring around the optic disk without dye leakage. (E) Middle-phase ICGA demonstrating CVH surrounding the optic disk. (F) LSFG colormap image showing that the MBR at the temporal side of the optic disk (square 3) was approximately 1.3 times higher than that at the macula (square 1).

Article Snippet: MBR values for each region were automatically calculated using LSFG Analyzer software (v 3.0.47; Softcare).

Techniques: Imaging

Journal: American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports

Article Title: Increased peripapillary choroidal blood flow velocity in peripapillary pachychoroid syndrome: Three case reports with referential observations in central serous chorioretinopathy

doi: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2026.102521

Figure Lengend Snippet: Imaging of the left eye in a representative case of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). (A) Fundus photograph showing a macular SRD of approximately two disk diameters. (B) ICGA revealing dilated choroidal vessels during the venous phase. (C) SS-OCT showing macular SRD with pachyvessels. The choroid was thicker 1.5 mm temporal to the fovea than 1.5 mm nasal. (D) LSFG colormap image showing that the MBR in the macula (square 1) was approximately 1.9 times higher than that in the temporal peripapillary area (square 3).

Article Snippet: MBR values for each region were automatically calculated using LSFG Analyzer software (v 3.0.47; Softcare).

Techniques: Imaging